Essential points to know before using an IUD

Considering an intrauterine device (IUD)? Discover the two types available, along with the pros and cons of this birth control method.
IUDs are small T-shaped devices that are inserted into the women's uterus as a form of long-term, reversible birth control.

There are two types of IUDs available in Canada: copper and hormonal. Both types kill sperm and limit their ability to move. The copper IUD, which is sold under the brand name ParaGard, contains no hormones, while Mirena and Jaydess, the hormonal IUDs, contains progestin.

Side effects of the two types of IUDs vary. According to Planned Parenthood, the hormonal component of Mirena and Jaydess can help reduce menstrual cramping and decrease menstrual flow by an average of 90 per cent.

Paragard can cause heavier periods and cramping. Paragard, priced at $80 to $160, is slightly cheaper than the hormonal IUDs, which cost around $300.

IUDs are considered to be one of the most effective forms of birth control on the market. According to Planned Parenthood of Ottawa, IUDs are approximately 99 per cent effective in preventing pregnancy, which is as effective as getting your tubes tied.

Unlike other types of birth control, the IUD requires little maintenance and can stay in place for three-to-five years, depending on the brand. ParaGard is effective for 10 years, Mirena for five years, and Jaydess for three.

Because IUDs don't need to be replaced for several years, they are much cheaper over time than other types of birth-control methods. The IUD is also easily reversible and can be taken out at any time. Fertility should return soon after removing the device. Women of all ages can use an IUD, even those who are breastfeeding.

IUDs will not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STI), and women who have IUDs will need to continue to use condoms to protect themselves from these infections.

There are also some risks involved with using an IUD. If a woman becomes pregnant with an IUD in place, the pregnancy is more likely to be ectopic. Ectopic pregnancies occur when the egg is fertilised inside the Fallopian tubes.

There is also a one per cent chance that the IUD will perforate the uterus and a two-to-10 per cent chance that a woman's body will reject the device.

An IUD offers many benefits to women who prefer a long-lasting and reversible birth control that requires little maintenance and is highly effective. However, IUDs also have some potential side effects, which you should discuss with your physician prior to insertion.